![]() ![]() What lies beyond the horizon is unknown.”īy studying near-weightless particles known as neutrinos, which are the most abundant particles that have mass in the universe, it could be possible to dig even further into the universe’s beginnings. ![]() The spherical volume within this boundary is like an archaeological dig centered on us: the deeper we probe into it, the earlier is the layer of cosmic history that we uncover, all the way back to the Big Bang which represents our ultimate horizon. “As a result of the expansion of the universe, this edge is currently located 46.5 billion light years away. “The actual edge of the observable universe is at the distance that any signal could have traveled at the speed-of-light limit over the 13.8 billion years that elapsed since the birth of the Universe,” said Loeb. The maps of the CMB released by Planck represent the earliest time in the universe we can ‘see’, 100 million years before the first stars formed. They also made the case that it was time to consider new ideas about the beginnings of the universe, which, for example, may have begun not with a bang but with a bounce from a previously contracting cosmos. “However, some of us argued that the results might be showing just the opposite.”Īlong with Anna Ijjas and Paul Steinhardt, Loeb was one of those who argued that results from Planck showed that inflation posed more puzzles than it solved. “When the results from the Planck satellite were announced, they were held up as a confirmation of cosmic inflation,” said Professor Avi Loeb from Harvard University, Vagnozzi’s co-author on the current paper. In 2013, some scientists raised concerns about cosmic inflation when the Planck satellite released its first measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the universe’s oldest light. Is it possible in principle to test cosmic inflation in a model-independent way?” “However, the large flexibility displayed by possible models for cosmic inflation which span an unlimited landscape of cosmological outcomes raises concerns that cosmic inflation is not falsifiable, even if individual inflationary models can be ruled out. “It also explains the origin of structure in our Universe as a result of quantum fluctuations. Sunny Vagnozzi, from Cambridge’s Kavli Institute for Cosmology, and who is now based at the University of Trento. ![]() “Inflation was theorized to explain various fine-tuning challenges of the so-called hot Big Bang model,” said the paper’s first author Dr. ![]()
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